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Specifications are detailed and often technical descriptions that define the characteristics, requirements, and constraints of a product, system, or process. They clarify exactly what needs to be built or delivered, including dimensions, performance levels, materials, interfaces, and quality criteria. Specifications serve as a reference for designers, engineers, manufacturers, and clients to ensure a common understanding and consistent results. They can be formal documents in contracts, technical sheets for hardware and software, or detailed instructions in engineering and construction projects. Clear specifications help avoid misunderstandings, reduce errors, and support testing and verification.